The article contains comparative analysis of five social projects for Russia: conservative, ethnocratic, social-democratic, centrist and communitarianist, – elaborated by the country’s political thought in the past years. The central point in the article is the thesis that debating the problem of justice is acquiring in Russia the character of a wide and influential public process. This phenomenon is, in the author’s opinion, the key condition and a basic prerequisite for the development of a full-value discussion on value foundations of social arrangement.