The basic transformations of the global society have meant for the contemporary political science the necessity of a methodological reconstruction bound up with broadened conceptions of the global political processes of the 21st century. It seems fair in this context not only to apply interdisciplinary methodology in political science research (which has been actively done for some last years), but also to breathe new life into the philosophical reflection on international relations and world politics. The authors of this article discuss the core characteristics and methodological perspectives of such a new academic discipline as the Philosophy of World Politics – one of innovative and promising sectors in contemporary social science. By this article the authors contribute to the scientific discussion concerning the new discipline and to present the position of the Saint-Petersburg school of world politics as related to the issue.