A complex of problems within the agenda of strategic interaction of Russia and Mongolia is considered in the article in the context of the ever more active Eurasian integration process as response to the challenges of modern planetary disharmony. Analyzed are factors of inter-attraction of the Oriental vector of the Russian policy of integration, on the one hand, and the principles of Mongolia’s multifulcrum policy – on the other; discussed are the outlined tendencies, advantageous sides, problematical zones, and, finally, prospects of the process in question.