.jpg)
printThe Contemporary World Order:
The Adaptation of Actors to Structural Realities
Safranchuk I.A.,
MGIMO University, Moscow, Russia; HSE University, Moscow, Russia, i.safranchuk@inno.mgimo.ru
elibrary_id: 697972 | ORCID: 0000-0003-2214-6628 | RESEARCHER_ID: O-3257-2017
Lukyanov F.A.,
HSE University, Moscow, Russia, flukyanov@hse.ru
elibrary_id: 823475 | ORCID: 0000-0003-1364-4094 | RESEARCHER_ID: N-3527-2016
DOI: 10.17976/jpps/2021.04.03
For citation:
Safranchuk I.A., Lukyanov F.A. The Contemporary World Order: The Adaptation of Actors to Structural Realities. – Polis. Political Studies. 2021. No. 4. https://doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2021.04.03
I.A. Safranchuk’s work on this article was financially supported by MGIMO University, project No. 1921-01-04.
Abstract
This article develops the concept introduced in The Modern World Order: Structural Realities and Great Power Rivalries (Polis. Political Studies. 2021. No. 3). The core structural element of the current world is defined as a mismatch between material globalization and ideational universalism — the former continuing its ascendance while the latter declines. The material interdependence of actors who are ideationally divergent leads to conflictual relations that are not well explained within realist or liberal narratives of International Relations. These realities are not simply transitional, on the way to a new world order, but are sustainable, and taken together constitute the current world order, with its extremely high risks of international conflict. Hence, new approaches are needed for the stabilization of the international system. This article offers a new interpretation of the civilizational approach. While the very notion of civilizations is vague and debatable, the authors outline key features of civilizations that fit the contemporary structural realities. The authors conclude that ideationally resilient civilizations, nearly irrelevant and indifferent to each other, can stay materially interconnected without inclination for securitization of various agendas of their relations.
Keywords
world order, globalization, regionalization, civilizations.
References
Acharya A. 2014. The End of American World Order. Cambridge: Polity Press. 157 p.
Braudel F. 1995. A History of Civilizations. London: Penguin Books. 600 p.
Brzezinski Z. 2004. The Choice: Global Domination or Global Leadership. New York: Basic Books. 256 p.
Business as Usual: The Roots of the Global Financial Meltdown. 2011. Ed. by Calhoun C., Derluguian G. New York, London: New York University Press. 312 p.
Cassier E. 2009. The Philosophy of the Enlightenment. Princeton, Oxford: Princeton University Press. 392 p.
Chebankova E. 2021. What is Civilisation? Problems and Definitions. – Civilisations and World Order. Ed. by E. Chebankova, P. Dutkiewicz. London: Routledge (forthcoming).
Chebankova E., Dutkiewicz P. 2021. COVID-19 Pandemic and the World Order. – Polis. Political Studies. No. 2. P. 8-24. https://doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2021.02.02
Coker C. 2019. The Rise of the Civilizational State. Cambridge: Polity Press. 224 p.
Denisov I. 2016. Chinese and Western Values in Modern Political Discourse in China. – Social Sciences. Vol. 47. No. 2. P. 70-79. https://doi.org/10.21557/ssc.46698029
Ferguson N. 2003. Empire: How Britain Made the Modern World. London: Penguin Books. 405 p.
Friedman T.L. 2005. The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century. New York: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux. 488 p.
Harvey R. 2003. Global Disorder: America and the Threat of World Conflict. London: Basic Books. 352 p.
Hrabina J. 2021. The Year of Сrises: How 2020 Will Reshape the Structure of International Relations. – Russia in Global Affairs. Vol. 19. No. 1. P. 174-199. https://doi.org/10.31278/1810-6374-2021-19-1-174-199
Huntington S.P. 1996. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon & Schuster. 368 p.
Hutton W. 2002. The World We’re In. London: Little Brown. 514 p.
Ikenberry J.G. 2014. The Illusion of Geopolitics: The Enduring Power of the Liberal Order. – Foreign Affairs. Vol. 93. No. 3. P. 80-90.
Kaplan R. D. 2013. The Revenge of Geography: What the Map Tells Us About Coming Conflicts and the Battle Against Fate. New York: Random House. 448 p.
Katzenstein P.J. 1996. Regionalism in Comparative Perspective. – Cooperation and Conflict. Vol. 31. No. 2. P. 123-159. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010836796031002001
Kupchan C.A. 2013. No One’s World: The West, the Rising Rest, and the Coming Global Turn. New York: Oxford University Press. 272 p.
Lieven A. 2020. Climate Change and the Nation State: The Case for Nationalism in a Warming World. New York: Oxford University Press. 240 p.
Lukin A. 2014. Eurasion Intergration and the Clash of Values. – Survival. Vol. 56. No. 3. С. 43-60. https://doi.org/10.1080/00396338.2014.920144
Mead W.R. 2014. The Return of Geopolitics: The Revenge of the Revisionist Powers. – Foreign Affairs. Vol. 93. No. 3. P. 69-79.
Norris P. 2021. Voters against Democracy. – Foreign Affairs. Vol. 100. No. 3. P. 174-178.
Patterson O. 1992. Freedom Vol. 1: Freedom in the Making of Western Culture. New York: Basic Books. 516 p.
Petito F. 2016. Dialogue of Civilizations in a Multipolar World: Toward a Multicivilizational-Multiplex World Order. – International Studies Review. Vol. 18. No. 1. P. 78-91. https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viv030
Popov V., Sundaram J.K. 2017. Convergence? More Developing Countries Are Catching Up. – Mapping a New World Order: The Rest beyond the West. Ed. by V. Popov, P. Dutkiewicz. London: Edward Elgar Publishing. P. 7-22. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781786436481.00007
Safranchuk I. 2020. Globalisation and the Decline of Universalism: New Realities for Hegemony. – Hegemony and World Order. Reimagining Power in Global Politics (ed. by P. Dutkiewicz, T. Casier, J.A. Scholte). New York: Routledge. P. 65-77. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003037231
Sakwa R. 2020. Multilateralism and Nationalism in an Era of Disruption: The Great Pandemic and International Politics. – Journal of International Analytics. Vol. 11. No. 3. P. 129-150. https://doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2020-11-3-129-150
Soderbaum F. 2003. Introduction: Theories of New Regionalism. – Theories of New Regionalism. Ed. byF. Soderbaum, T. Shaw. London: Palgrave Macmillan. P. 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403938794_1
Stiglitz J.E. 2003. The Roaring Nineties: A New History of the World’s Most Prosperous Decade. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. 379 p.
Stuenkel O. 2016. Post-Western World. How Emerging Powers are Remaking Global Order. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. 251 p.
Sushentsov A.A., Wohlforth W.C. 2020. The Tragedy of US–Russian Relations: NATO Centrality and the Revisionists’ Spiral. – International Politics. Vol. 57. P. 427-450. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41311-020-00229-5
Telo M. 2016. Regionalism in Hard Times: Competitive and Post-Liberal Trends in Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas. London: Routledge. 98 p. https://doi.org/10.4314/9781315464251
Toynbee A. 1946. A Study of History. Abridgement of vols. 1–6 by D.C. Somervell. New York & London: Oxford University Press. 617 p.
Yang Yifan, Chen Xuechen. 2021. Globalism or Nationalism? The Paradox of Chinese Official Discourse in the Context of the COVID-19 Outbreak. – Journal of Chinese Political Science. Vol. 26. No. 1. P. 89-113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11366-020-09697-1
Bliakher L. 2021. The Costs of Global Leadership and Neighborhood International Politics. – Journal of International Analytics. Vol. 12. No. 1. P. 21-34. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2021-12-1-21-34
Jaspers K. 1991. Vom Ursprung und Ziel der Geschichte (Russ. ed.: Jaspers K. Smysl i naznachenie istorii. Moscow: Politizdat. 527 p.).
Khoros V.G. 2017. Sozvezdie tsivilizatsii. – Russia in Global Affairs. No. 2. P. 173-189. (In Russ.)
Lissovolik Ya. 2019. Regionalizm v global’nom upravlenii: novye podkhody [Regionalism in Global Governance: New Approaches]. – Valdai Discussion Club. Reports. (In Russ.) URL: https://ru.valdaiclub.com/files/27333/ (accessed: 01.06.2021).
Lukyanov F.A., Trenin D.V., Kortunov A.V., Sushentsov A.A., Suslov D.V., Silaev N.Yu., Murakhovskii V.I., Safranchuk I.A., Markedonov S.M. 2020. Russia in the New Decade: Objectives, Threats, and Fellow Companions. – Journal of International Analytics. Vol. 11. No. 2. P. 11-27. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2020-11-2-11-27
Markedonov S., Okunev I. 2020. State Integrity and Self-Determination in a World of Problematic Sovereignty. – Quaestio Rossica. Vol. 8. No. 4. P. 1422-1436. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2020.4.536
Oleynov A.G. 2018. Economic Future of Globalization. – MGIMO Review of International Relations. No. 4. P. 92-106. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2018-4-61-92-106
Safranchuk I.A., Lukyanov F.A. 2021. The Modern World Order: Structural Realities and Great Power Rivalries. – Polis. Political Studies. No. 3. P. 57-76. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2021.03.05
Sushentsov А. 2020. Russia’s Foreign Policy and Strategic Culture: A Dialogue with William Wohlforth about the Research Paradigm. – Quaestio Rossica. Vol. 8. No. 2. P. 369-381. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2020.2.468
Toynbee A.J. 2001. A Study of History. (Russ. ed.: Toynbee A.J. Postizhenie istorii. Izbrannoe. Moscow: Airis-Press; Rolf. 637 p.).
Vorotnikov V., Gribin N., Petlyaeva D., Pimenova E., Yakutova U. 2020. NATO versus PESCO: Economic Aspects. – Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. Vol. 64. No. 6. P. 40-50. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2020-64-6-40-50
Content No. 4, 2021
See also:
Zagladin N.V.,
Crisis of civilization or of humanitarian knowledge?. – Polis. Political Studies. 2010. No2
Safranchuk I.A., Lukyanov F.A.,
The Modern World Order: Structural Realities and Great Power Rivalries. – Polis. Political Studies. 2021. No3
Salmin A.M.,
Russia, Europe, and the New World Order. – Polis. Political Studies. 1999. No2
Barsukova S.Yu.,
«Empire», or Farewell to Modernity. – Polis. Political Studies. 2007. No3
Batalov Ye.Ya.,
“New World Order”: To the Methodology of Analysis. – Polis. Political Studies. 2003. No5
.jpg)
.jpg)