Justice is the subject of consensus of a given society, it constitutes that very compromise of mutual (though not always equal) obligations and agreements which prevent this society from disintegration. With the termination of the Soviet project in Russia, accordingly, the justice theory proper to it, found itself delegitimized. What then may become the new reference point, constitute those self-evident principles and procedures that will make it possible to find and express a new configuration of justice discourse and thus also the general political interest able to rally Russian society at the new stage of its development? It is argued in the article that overcoming of the vacuum that's come about in post-Soviet Russia, may be achieved by two ways: either by symbolically joining the Western modern, i.e. the project which in its alternative, "Soviet" version was in fact already realized by the USSR, or by getting beyond the limits of the modern de facto realized. The latter way presupposes creation of a new, in principle non-modernist utopia. In the author's opinion, new theory of justice may appear in Russia only as a constituent part of a global political project requiring that the whole world system be changed.