President of the Russian Association of Political Science in her article written on the basis of the report delivered on the opening day of the 5th All-Russia Congress of Political Scientists, examines the problem of the post-Soviet “identity crisis” in Russian society. The said crisis means a complex of social and mental upheavals accompanied by acute ideological conflicts and by re-comprehension of the content of the “We”-identification. The author sees as her key task the study of the series of notions used for describing the community behind the new Russian state, formulating the task in terms of constructing macro-political identity.