Conceptualizing collisions of contemporary development resulting in the present crisis inevitably leads to rethinking fundamental concepts of social science, such as modernization and capitalism. The study of their interrelation and of their interdependence hand in hand with an update of their temporal, spatial, sociocultural and disciplinary borders are the subject-matter of the article. The variety of contemporary approaches to understanding the nature, the prospects and the emerging alternatives of Modernity and Capitalism and the character of social change in a global world form it’s research framework.