China’s foreign policy behavior by many of its features doesn’t keep within the model of interaction of «nation states», as it has formed on the European ground. It’s impossible to realize the specificity of the perception by the Chinese of themselves and of their place in today’s world without a profound excursus into history, without grasping the Confucianist foundations of mentality and the hieroglyphic codes of information, without comprehending the psychology of «market socialism». Such a gigantic socio-cultural laboratory as China, with the processes of modernization and archaization proper to it, gives much material disproving conceptions of unilinear historical progress.