An attempt is made in the article to clear up political agenda of the Russian power. After having analyzed a number of documents and of speeches by leading politicians and analysts, the author comes to the conclusion that the Russian power does not have just one agenda, but has at least two agendas: a modernization one and a conservative one. The investigation of the Russian power perception by the country’s population, carried out by the author, demonstrates that none of the two agendas is definitely, monosemantically perceived by the citizens. Each of the two has a good chance of being supported – under the condition that not only the “technical”, but also the moral themes are touched upon, among which it is the theme of social justice that is distinguished as the most demanded one.