The article deals with ideological and political processes in China under the leadership of Xi Jinping. The author formulates several methodological approaches for policy evaluation of the “5thgeneration” of leaders, thoroughly analyzes the starting points of Xi Jinping’s modernization project, andconcludes that the course for the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation embodies an attempt to continuethe tasks of domestic modernization while maintaining the national identification codes and the stabilityof traditional political mechanisms. Proclaiming the consolidating concept of “Chinese dream” largely dictated by the necessity to find a reliable basis for the public consensus. In the author’s opinion, the recent ideological campaigns (from the criticism of constitutionalism to propaganda of the “core socialistvalues”), are intended to form a value basis of the unique Chinese way. The West, in turn, is used asthe “external Other” both by the representatives of the liberal wing of the party and by the advocates ofconservatism. Overcoming the binary opposition “China – the West” will mark the new era in the historyof China’s development and will mean creation of a new Chinese identity.