print

The birth of the deep state

Koktysh K.E.,

MGIMO University, Moscow, Russia, kirill.koktysh@gmail.com

elibrary_id: 250721 | ORCID: 0000-0002-6555-0391 | RESEARCHER_ID: ABF-5548-2021

Sergeev V.M.,

MGIMO University, Moscow, Russia, victor04076831@mail.ru

elibrary_id: 1447 |

Article received: 2023.06.19. Accepted: 2023.10.20


DOI: 10.17976/jpps/2024.01.10
EDN: BVVUQY

Rubric: Dixi!

For citation:

Koktysh K.E., Sergeev V.M. The birth of the deep state. – Polis. Political Studies. 2024. No. 1. https://doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2024.01.10. EDN: BVVUQY (In Russ.)

Abstract

A number of political scientists believe that the ‘deep state’ originated simultaneously with the state itself. But in fact, the authors of the article prove that the first effective ‘deep state’ in modern history appeared in England during the time of Henry VIII. Then, having nationalized the church, the king added to his powers the right to create and interpret norms. In response, reacting to the imbalance of the political system created by the king, the English aristocracy set out to control the monarch. The newly created network of influence was based on corruption: belonging to it guaranteed, to an official in the king’s service, additional benefits and career perspectives. The mean of internal control of the network was ‘ritual compromising evidence’, when other members witnessed the violating of generally accepted norms and rules. This guaranteed that in case of betrayal the reputation and future of any potential renegade would be destroyed. However, this triggered the processes of ‘normalization of violations,’ which culminated in the Cromwellian revolution and the Westminster Confession, which not only nullified out all compromising evidence, but also abolished the concept of sin in general. After recovering from the upheaval, England managed to summarize and theorize its experience. In the following century, it started to extrapolate it to France, which was its main geopolitical rival, mastering the techniques of cognitive programming. The same processes, that had spontaneously developed in England a century earlier, were launched in France, but in a controlled and guided form. England managed to create its own ‘deep state’ in France, which, in fact, inspired and supported the French Enlightenment by introducing into the public discourse concepts, which were in fact, cognitive operators: their implementation led to the natural conclusion of the backwardness of France compared to England. At the same time, the ‘deep state’ became a stable construct: thus, classical institutionalism assumes it as an integral part of the secular political system. In particular, this was realized, and promoted as a norm, by J.-J. Rousseau. The authors draw a number of conclusions on the construction of the deep state. It is always a network of influence, an alternative to power, which actively uses corruption as an instrument of stimulation and employs compromising evidence as an instrument of control. 

Keywords

cognitive programming, deep state, influence networks, compromising evidence, corruption, management technologies, England, France.

 Full Text

Nodon, P. (2012). La Franc-Masonnerie. P., Presses Universitaires de France.

Oslington, P. (2011). God and the Market: Adam Smith’s Invisible Hand. Journal of Business Ethics, 108, 429-438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1099-z

Phelps Brown, E.H. & Hopkins, Sh.V. (1956). Seven Centuries of the Prices of Consumables, Compared with Builders’ Wage-Rates. Economica, New Series, 23(92), 296-314, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2551457#:~:text=Seven%20Centuries%20of,pp.%20296%2D314

Pizzuti, M. (2022). Deep state. I segreti dell’élite finanziaria e delle multinazionali che controllano i governi. Indagine non autorizzata sui poteri economici che da secoli decidono i destini del mondo. Vicenza: Il Punto d’Incontro. (In Ital.)

Scott, P.D. (2015). The American Deep State. Big Money, Big Oil, and the Struggle for U.S. Democracy. L.: Rowman & Littlefield.

Wrigley, E.A., & Schofield, R.S. (1981). The Population History of England 1541-1871. London: Edward Arnold.

Arrighi, G. (2006). The long twentieth century: money, power and the origins of our times. (Russ. ed.: Arrighi, G. Dolgii dvadtsatyi vek: Den’gi, vlast’ i istoki nashego vremenI. Moscow: Territoriya budushhego).

Bochkov, I. (2013). Osnovaniya politicheskogo organizma v uchenii Zh.-Zh. Russo [The foundations of the political organism in the teachings of Rousseau]. In Rousseau, J.-J. Politicheskie sochineniya (pp. 96-115). St. Petersburg: Rostok.

Dushenko, K.V. (2020). “Écrasez l’infâme!”: two lives of Voltaire’s slogan. Shagi/Steps, 6(3), 199-227. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.22394/2412-9410-2020-6-3-199-227

Fantalov, A.N. (2020). Military and political confrontation between England and France in the 18th century: wars and secret operations. Bulletin MSRU. Series: History and Political Science, 4, 68-79 (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18384/2310-676X-2020-4-68-79

Foucault, M. (2005). Il faut défendre la société. (Russ. ed.: Foucault, M. Nuzhno zashchishchat’ obshchestvo: Kurs lektsii, prochitannykh v Kollezh de Frans v 1975-1976 uchebnom godu. St. Petersburg: Nauka).

Foucault, M. (2005). Les Anormaux. (Russ. ed.: Foucault, M. Nenormal’nye: Kurs lektsii, prochitannykh v Kollezh de Frans v 1975-1976 uchebnom godu. St. Petersburg: Nauka).

Grigor`ev, O. (2014). Epokha rosta [The epoch of growth]. Moscow: Kar`era Press. (In Russ.)

Hobbes, Th. (1991). Leviathan or the matter, form and power of a commonwealth ecclesiastical and civil (Russ. ed.: Hobbes, T. Essays in 2 volumes. Vol. 2. Moscow: Mysl).

Hobbes, Th. (2001). Elementa philosophica de cive. (Russ. ed.: Hobbes, Th. Filosofskie osnovaniya ucheniya o grazhdanine. Moscow: AST).

Koktysh, K.E. (2016). The ontology of rational (III). Politeia, 4, 6-24. (In Russ.) https://doi. org/10.30570/2078-5089-2016-83-4-6-24

Koktysh, K.E. (2021). Diskurs ratsionalizma, svobody i demokratii [The discourse of rationalism, freedom and democracy]. Moscow: MGIMO University. (In Russ.)

Mosca, G. (1994). The governing class. (Russ. es.: Mosca, G. Pravyashchii klass. Sociological Studies, 12, 97-117).

Motroshilova, N.V. (Ed.). (1996). Istoriya filosofii: Zapad-Rossiya-Vostok, 2. Filosofiya XV-XIX vv. [History of Philosophy: West-Russia-East. Book 2. Philosophy of the 15-19^th centuries]. Moscow, Grekolatinskij kabinet. (In Russ.)

Pareto, V. (2008). Compendio di sociologia generale. (Russ. ed.: Pareto, V. Kompendium po obshchei sotsiologii. Moscow: HSE Publ.).

Platonov, O.A. (2016). Pravoslallvie protiv masonstva [Orthodoxy versus freemasonry] Moscow, Kislorod. (In Russ.)

Rousseau, J.-J. (2013). Du contrat social; ou Principes du droit politique. (Russ. ed.: Rousseau, J.-J. Politicheskie sochineniya (pp. 116-239). St. Petersburg: Rostok).

Thiers, L.-A. (2015). Histoire de la révolution française. (Russ. ed.: Thiers, L.-A. Istoriya frantsuzskoi revolyutsii. Vol. 2. Moscow: Zaxarov).

Weber, M. (1990). Die protestantische Ethik und der “Geist” des Kapitalismus. (Russ. ed.: Weber, M. Protestantskaya etika i dukh kapitalizma. E`konomicheskaya sociologiya. Moscow: Progress).

See also: