The article contains analysis of particularities of the Tuva identity and of political culture of Tuva’s aboriginals – Tuvinians, who constitute 77% of the Republic’s population. Within Tuvinians’ political culture the author sees three distinctive kinds of social relations: relations of domination - subordination, characteristic of patriarchal nomadic society; relations of equality of members within a clan and between clans; relations of rivalry between clans and between residents of Tuva’s areas. Determination of these three characteristics allows to consider Tuva’s political culture as a certain phenomenon, to study particular features of political behavior of Tuva’s population, of politicians’ activities and of the functioning of political institutions.