Факторы голосования:
вопросы классификации и анализа
Трегубов Н. А.,
кандидат политических наук, доцент кафедры социологии и политологии института социально-гуманитарных наук Южно-Уральского государственного университета, г. Челябинск, tregubovna@susu.ru
elibrary_id: 503092 |
DOI: 10.17976/jpps/2017.03.08
Трегубов Н. А. Факторы голосования: вопросы классификации и анализа. – Полис. Политические исследования. 2017. № 3. С. 119-134. https://doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2017.03.08
Работа посвящена комплексному анализу факторов электорального выбора. В первой части предпринята попытка систематизации существующих в современной политической науке представлений об условиях голосования. Изначально эти условия разделяются на внешние (контекстные) и внутренние (непосредственные). К числу внешних условий отнесены особенности избирательной и партийной системы страны, а также отдельные характеристики политического режима. Внутренние факторы голосования разделены на долговременные и кратковременные. Среди долговременных факторов рассматриваются социальная, партийная и идеологическая идентификации избирателей. К кратковременным факторам электорального выбора отнесены позиции избирателей по проблемам политического курса, оценки уровня эффективности работы правительства, мнения о персональных качествах кандидатов, информационная активность в период избирательной кампании, а также эмоции и эвристические суждения. Во второй части работы рассмотрены некоторые проблемы изучения условий голосования. Автор приходит к выводу, что на сегодняшний день в научной литературе отсутствует однозначное представление как об иерархии различных условий голосования, так и о каузальном порядке их воздействия на избирателей. Для преодоления ситуации концептуальной неопределенности в сфере исследования электорального выбора предлагается заострить внимание на проблеме неоднородности процесса голосования. В заключении статьи сформулирована примерная программа эмпирических исследований, ориентированных на развитие научных представлений о закономерностях электорального выбора.
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